Evaluasi Kinerja Kendali PID-SCADA terhadap Variasi Setpoint dan Gangguan Beban pada Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa

Abstract

This study evaluates the performance of PLC-SCADA-based PID control in maintaining the speed of a three-phase induction motor under setpoint changes and load disturbances. The system uses an Omron CP2E PLC, Omron MX2 inverter, encoder, and SCADA monitoring interface. Tests included PID tuning and comparisons of open-loop and closed-loop responses under no-load and 0.1 Nm load conditions. The best tuning was obtained at PB 2000, Ti 10 s, and Td 0 s, resulting in a 16 s settling time, 0.50% overshoot, and 0.10% steady-state error. Under load, the closed-loop system produced a maximum error of 0.57%, substantially lower than the 22.38% obtained in open-loop operation. These results demonstrate that PID control effectively compensates for load disturbances by adjusting the inverter frequency, thereby maintaining motor speed close to the setpoint.