Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring dan Kontrol Beban Listrik Rumah Tangga Berbasis Internet of Things

Abstract

Conventional electrical systems in the residential sector have not provided real-time visibility of power consumption, making it difficult for users to achieve energy efficiency and early detection of abnormal conditions such as overload. This study aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based residential electrical load monitoring and control system using an ESP32 microcontroller, PZEM-004T sensor, 4-channel relay module, and Blynk and Telegram Bot platforms. The research method includes hardware and software design, comparative calibration tests against standard instruments, actuator functionality tests, network communication reliability tests, whitelist access security tests, and state recovery tests using Non-Volatile Storage. The test results show average reading errors of 0.46% for voltage, 1.4% for current, and 0.8% for active power, all below the 5% tolerance threshold. The relay module responded to all actuation commands accurately, the non-blocking system prevented hang conditions during network disconnection, and the Telegram whitelist mechanism demonstrated 100% success in blocking commands from unregistered accounts. This prototype is feasible for implementation as a smart instrument for efficiency and safety of residential electrical installations.